ETHNOGRAPHY OF THE CITY
Bronx Bombers:
New York Yankees
The Highlanders years (1903–1912)
When the New York Yankees arrived to New York they had a new ballpark to call their own. Hilltop Park (formerly known as "American league park"), was built in Upper Manhattan. They were named the New York Highlanders at this time. Daily papers at first called the group "Gordon's Highlanders". The nickname came from the Joseph Gordon but that didn’t last long it soon turned out to be simply "Highlanders". New York Press sports editor Jim Cost was the first to use the name Yankees (or "Yanks")
The greatest achievement the Highlanders accomplished was coming in second in 1904, 1906 and 1910. In 1904 being the closest they came to winning AL conference, they lost that year the Boston Americans (the Boston Red Sox). It was the last time Boston would triumph over New York in the playoffs till 2004. This year, pitcher Chesbro set a deacons of single-season wins at 41, which still stands.
When the New York Yankees arrived to New York they had a new ballpark to call their own. Hilltop Park (formerly known as "American league park"), was built in Upper Manhattan. They were named the New York Highlanders at this time. Daily papers at first called the group "Gordon's Highlanders". The nickname came from the Joseph Gordon but that didn’t last long it soon turned out to be simply "Highlanders". New York Press sports editor Jim Cost was the first to use the name Yankees (or "Yanks")
The greatest achievement the Highlanders accomplished was coming in second in 1904, 1906 and 1910. In 1904 being the closest they came to winning AL conference, they lost that year the Boston Americans (the Boston Red Sox). It was the last time Boston would triumph over New York in the playoffs till 2004. This year, pitcher Chesbro set a deacons of single-season wins at 41, which still stands.
Change of image : The Polo Grounds (1913–1922)
The Highlanders moved into the newly rebuilt Polo Grounds in 1913 after a fire two years prior. Now playing by the Harlem River, the name "Highlanders" no longer was applicable. The press had already adopted the "Yankees" nickname coined by the New York Press, and in 1913 the team became officially known as the New York Yankees.
By the 1950’s, Yankees owners Farrell and Devery had become estranged and both were in dire need of money. At the start of 1915, they sold the team to Colonel Ruppert and Captain Huston for $1.25 million. Ruppert inherited a brewery fortune, providing the Yankees with an owner who had deep pockets. This would lead the team to more success and prestige.
By the 1950’s, Yankees owners Farrell and Devery had become estranged and both were in dire need of money. At the start of 1915, they sold the team to Colonel Ruppert and Captain Huston for $1.25 million. Ruppert inherited a brewery fortune, providing the Yankees with an owner who had deep pockets. This would lead the team to more success and prestige.
Murderer's Row (1923–1935)
In the years around 1920, the Yankees, the Red Sox, and the White Sox had made so many trades between that this made Ban Johnson garner the teams the nickname of “The Insurrectos". This détente paid off well for the Yankees as they expanded their finance. Most new players who might later add to the group's prosperity originated from the Red Sox. The Red Sox frequently got themselves wiped out from the playoff chase because of the Yankees' success.This wonder in the long run ended up noticeably known as the Scourge of the Bambino as the disappointment of the Red Sox and the achievement of the Yankees appeared to be practically powerful, and appeared to come from that one exchange.
Ruth's large number of homers demonstrated so well known that the Yankees started drawing a greater number of players In 1921—the year subsequent to gaining Ruth, the Yankees played in their first World Series. After the 1922 season, the Yankees were advised to move out of the Polo Grounds. They got things started for another ballpark in the Bronx.
In 1923, the Yankees moved to their new home, Yankee Stadium. It was the first of its kind. With triple-deck seating for 58,000 fans. In the first game at Yankee Stadium, Ruth hit a grand slam. This Grand Slam and the crowd he brought with it made people call the stadium "The House That Ruth Built". Toward the ending of the season, the Yankees confronted the Giants. in the World Series for the third year straight. And triumphed in the shiny new ballpark for their first title.
In the 1927 season, the Yankees highlighted a lineup that wound up being known as “Murderers Row. “The Yankees won a then-AL record 110 wins with just 44 losses, and won the Pittsburgh Pirates on the World Series. In 1927 Ruth is hitting grand slams and first baseman Lou Gehrig had his first huge season, batting .373 with 47 grand slams and 175 RBIs, beating Ruth's single-season RBI check. The Yankees would win the World Series again in 1928.
Joe DiMaggio (1936–1951)
With Ruth retired, Gehrig at last had an opportunity to become the dominant focal point of the team, however it was just in a single year before another star showed up. This star was Joe DiMaggio. The Yanks would win an unforeseen four straight World Series titles from 1936 to 1939. For most of 1939, they needed to do it without Gehrig, who had to retire due to because of Amyotrophic Horizontal Sclerosis (ALS), now most commonly known as "Lou Gehrig's disease".
The 1941 baseball season was frequently portrayed as the "Golden Era" before World War II. It was an exciting year as America watched two noteworthy occasions unfurl: Ted Williams of the Red Sox hitting for the tricky .400 batting normal and Joe DiMaggio getting hits in back to back ballgames. Before the finish of his hitting streak, DiMaggio hit in 56 sequential games.
Two months after the Yankees beat the Brooklyn Dodgers in the 1941 World Series. With the start of World War II and the United States was assaulted at Pearl Harbor by Japan, and a large number players, including DiMaggio, were drafted into the military. The Yankees still figured out how to haul out a win against the St. Louis Cardinals in the 1943 World Series.
In 1945, tycoon Del Webb and Dan Fixing and Larry MacPhail bought the Yankees from the Ruppert’s for $2.8 million; MacPhail was purchased out in 1947.
By 1951, DiMaggio's vocation was slowing down, and the "Yankee Scissors" resigned after the 1951 season. This year denoted the landing of the "Oklahoma Child", Mickey Mantle, who was one of a few new stars that would fill the hole
The 1950s Squad (1951–1959)
Bettering the clubs oversaw by Joe McCarthy, the Yankees won the World Series five times back to back from 1949– 1953 under Stengel. Driven by players like focus defender Mickey Mantle, pitcher Whitey Ford, and catcher Yogi Berra, Stengel's groups won ten AL titles and seven World Series titles in his twelve seasons as the Yankees manager. The 1950 title was the just a single of those five titles not to be won against either the New York Giants or Brooklyn Dodgers; it was won in four straight games against the Whiz Kids of the Philadelphia Phillies.
The Yankees lost the 1957 World Series to the Milwaukee Braves. In the 1958 World Series, the Yankees got their rematch against the Braves, and turned into the second team to win the Series in the wake of being down three-games to-one. For this decade, the Yankees won six World Series titles ('50, 51, '52, '53, '56, '58) and eight American League titles (those six in addition to '55 and '57).
The Yankees lost the 1957 World Series to the Milwaukee Braves. In the 1958 World Series, the Yankees got their rematch against the Braves, and turned into the second team to win the Series in the wake of being down three-games to-one. For this decade, the Yankees won six World Series titles ('50, 51, '52, '53, '56, '58) and eight American League titles (those six in addition to '55 and '57).
The M&M Boys (1960–1964)
Arnold Johnson, owner of the Kansas City Athletics , was a business partner of Yankees co-owner Del Webb and Dan Topping. In light of this "unique relationship" with the Yankees, he exchanged youthful players to them in return for money and maturing veterans. Perpetually, these exchanges wound up being intensely good for the Yankees', prompting allegations that the Athletics were the training camp for the Yankees. Kansas City had been home to the Yankees' best homestead group for right around 20 years before the Athletics moved there from Philadelphia in 1954.
In 1960, Charles O. Finley acquired the Athletics and put a conclusion to the exchanges.The year 1961 would end up being a standout amongst the most vital in Yankee history. All through the mid year, Mantle and Maris hit grand slams at a quick pace, and ended up being known as the "M&M Boys". The Yankees won the title with a 109– 53 record and went ahead to beat the Cincinnati Reds in the 1961 World Series. The group completed the year with a record 240 homers.
In 1962, the games scene in New York changed when the National League extended to incorporate another team, the New York Mets, who played at the, the Polo Grounds, for two seasons while Shea Stadium was under development in adjacent Flushing, Queens. The Mets lost a record 120 games while the Yankees would win the 1962 World Series.
The Yankees got to the 1963 World Series, yet were defeated by the Los Angeles Dodgers and their expert pitcher Sandy Koufax.
In 1962, the games scene in New York changed when the National League extended to incorporate another team, the New York Mets, who played at the, the Polo Grounds, for two seasons while Shea Stadium was under development in adjacent Flushing, Queens. The Mets lost a record 120 games while the Yankees would win the 1962 World Series.
The Yankees got to the 1963 World Series, yet were defeated by the Los Angeles Dodgers and their expert pitcher Sandy Koufax.
The Steep decline (1965–1972)
After the 1964 season, CBS purchased 80% of the Yankees from Topping and Webb for $11.2 million. With the new ownership, the team began to decline. At the start of this period, all-time "Voice of the Yankees" Mel Allen, the team's top announcer since 1939, was fired after the 1964 season.
During baseball's centennial season in 1969, the greatest players at each position for every team were named during a voting. The all-time Yankees were: Bill Dickey (catcher), Whitey Ford (left-handed pitcher), Red Ruffing (right-handed pitcher), Johnny Murphy (relief pitcher), Lou Gehrig (first base), Tony Lazzeri (second base), Phil Rizzuto (shortstop), Red Rolfe (third base), Joe DiMaggio (center field, also named baseball's "Greatest Living Player"), Babe Ruth (right field), Mickey Mantle (left field), and Casey Stengel (manager).
During baseball's centennial season in 1969, the greatest players at each position for every team were named during a voting. The all-time Yankees were: Bill Dickey (catcher), Whitey Ford (left-handed pitcher), Red Ruffing (right-handed pitcher), Johnny Murphy (relief pitcher), Lou Gehrig (first base), Tony Lazzeri (second base), Phil Rizzuto (shortstop), Red Rolfe (third base), Joe DiMaggio (center field, also named baseball's "Greatest Living Player"), Babe Ruth (right field), Mickey Mantle (left field), and Casey Stengel (manager).
New dynasty (1996–2016)
The 1996 season saw the rise of three Yankees who would form the core of the team for years to come: rookie shortstop Derek Jeter, second-year starting pitcher Andy Pettitte, and second-year pitcher Mariano Rivera, who served as setup man in 1996 before becoming closer in 1997. Aided by these young players, the Yankees won their first AL East title in 15 years in 1996. They defeated the Texas Rangers in the ALDS, and in the ALCS beat the Baltimore Orioles in five games.
The 1998 Yankees are widely acknowledged to be one of the greatest teams in baseball history, compiling a then-AL record 114 regular season wins against just 48 losses and then sweeping the San Diego Padres in the 1998 World Series. In 2000, the Yankees faced the New York Mets in the first Subway Series World Series since 1956. The Yankees won the series in 5 games, but a loss in Game 3 snapped their streak of World Series wins at 14, surpassing the club's previous record of 12 (in 1927, 1928, and 1932). The Yankees are the last major league team to repeat as World Series champions and after the 2000 season they joined the Yankee teams of 1936–1939 and 1949–1953, as well as the 1972–1974 Oakland Athletics as the only teams to win at least three consecutive World Series.
In aftermath of the September 11 attacks, that year, Yankees defeated the Oakland A's in the ALDS, and the Seattle Mariners in the ALCS. By winning the title for a fourth straight year.The Yankees won 11 consecutive postseason series in this 4-year period. In the World Series against the Arizona Diamondbacks, the Yankees lost the series when closer Mariano Rivera uncharacteristically blew a save in the bottom of the ninth inning of Game 7. Also, despite a very poor series overall, batting under .200, Derek Jeter got the nickname, "Mr. November", echoing comparisons Reggie Jackson's "Mr. October", for his walk-off home run in Game 4, though it began October 31, as the game ended in the first minutes of November 1.
In 2004, the Yankees acquired Alex Rodriguez, who moved third base from his usual shortstop position to accommodate Derek Jeter. In the ALCS, the Yankees met the Boston Red Sox again, and became the first team in professional baseball history, and only the third team in North American pro sports history, to lose a best-of-seven series after taking a 3–0 series lead.
In 2005 Alex Rodriguez won the American League MVP award, becoming the first Yankee to win the award since Don Mattingly in 1985. The Yankees again won the AL East by virtue of a tiebreaker but lost the ALDS in five games to the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim. On June 18, 2007 the Yankees broke new ground by signing the first two professional baseball players from the People's Republic of China to the MLB.
After Torre's departure the Yankees signed former catcher Joe Girardi to a three-year contract to manage the club.The 2008 season was the last season played at Yankee Stadium. To celebrate the final year and history of Yankee Stadium, the 2008 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was played there on July 15, 2008.The final regular-season game at Yankee Stadium was played on September 21, 2008.
During the off-season, the Yankees retooled their roster with several star free agent acquisitions, including CC Sabathia, Mark Teixeira, and A. J. Burnett. At the beginning of the 2009 season, the Yankees opened the new Yankee Stadium, located just a block north on River Avenue from their former home. The 2010 season featured the rivalry between the Yankees and Red Sox being revived to start and end the season. The Yankees became the first team in Major League history to hit three grand slams in a single game. They were hit by Robinson Canó, Russell Martin, and Curtis Granderson. The Yankees won the AL East title for the second time in three seasons, finishing with 97 wins and took home field throughout the AL postseason. However, they were defeated by the Tigers in five games in the 2011 American League Division Series.
The 2013 season was riddled with injuries. Mark Teixeira strained his elbow during the WBC and played only 15 games in the season, Alex Rodriguez played only 44 games after a hip surgery, Derek Jeter played only 17 games due to his ankle injury from the 2012 ALCS and Curtis Granderson played only 61 games due to forearm and knuckle injuries.
The 2015 season saw the Yankees make the playoffs for the first time since 2012. In his return from suspension, Rodriguez hit 33 home runs, his most since 2008, and tied Hank Aaron's record of fifteen 30-homer seasons.Teixeira hit 31 home runs before a hit-by-pitch ended his season in August.
The 1998 Yankees are widely acknowledged to be one of the greatest teams in baseball history, compiling a then-AL record 114 regular season wins against just 48 losses and then sweeping the San Diego Padres in the 1998 World Series. In 2000, the Yankees faced the New York Mets in the first Subway Series World Series since 1956. The Yankees won the series in 5 games, but a loss in Game 3 snapped their streak of World Series wins at 14, surpassing the club's previous record of 12 (in 1927, 1928, and 1932). The Yankees are the last major league team to repeat as World Series champions and after the 2000 season they joined the Yankee teams of 1936–1939 and 1949–1953, as well as the 1972–1974 Oakland Athletics as the only teams to win at least three consecutive World Series.
In aftermath of the September 11 attacks, that year, Yankees defeated the Oakland A's in the ALDS, and the Seattle Mariners in the ALCS. By winning the title for a fourth straight year.The Yankees won 11 consecutive postseason series in this 4-year period. In the World Series against the Arizona Diamondbacks, the Yankees lost the series when closer Mariano Rivera uncharacteristically blew a save in the bottom of the ninth inning of Game 7. Also, despite a very poor series overall, batting under .200, Derek Jeter got the nickname, "Mr. November", echoing comparisons Reggie Jackson's "Mr. October", for his walk-off home run in Game 4, though it began October 31, as the game ended in the first minutes of November 1.
In 2004, the Yankees acquired Alex Rodriguez, who moved third base from his usual shortstop position to accommodate Derek Jeter. In the ALCS, the Yankees met the Boston Red Sox again, and became the first team in professional baseball history, and only the third team in North American pro sports history, to lose a best-of-seven series after taking a 3–0 series lead.
In 2005 Alex Rodriguez won the American League MVP award, becoming the first Yankee to win the award since Don Mattingly in 1985. The Yankees again won the AL East by virtue of a tiebreaker but lost the ALDS in five games to the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim. On June 18, 2007 the Yankees broke new ground by signing the first two professional baseball players from the People's Republic of China to the MLB.
After Torre's departure the Yankees signed former catcher Joe Girardi to a three-year contract to manage the club.The 2008 season was the last season played at Yankee Stadium. To celebrate the final year and history of Yankee Stadium, the 2008 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was played there on July 15, 2008.The final regular-season game at Yankee Stadium was played on September 21, 2008.
During the off-season, the Yankees retooled their roster with several star free agent acquisitions, including CC Sabathia, Mark Teixeira, and A. J. Burnett. At the beginning of the 2009 season, the Yankees opened the new Yankee Stadium, located just a block north on River Avenue from their former home. The 2010 season featured the rivalry between the Yankees and Red Sox being revived to start and end the season. The Yankees became the first team in Major League history to hit three grand slams in a single game. They were hit by Robinson Canó, Russell Martin, and Curtis Granderson. The Yankees won the AL East title for the second time in three seasons, finishing with 97 wins and took home field throughout the AL postseason. However, they were defeated by the Tigers in five games in the 2011 American League Division Series.
The 2013 season was riddled with injuries. Mark Teixeira strained his elbow during the WBC and played only 15 games in the season, Alex Rodriguez played only 44 games after a hip surgery, Derek Jeter played only 17 games due to his ankle injury from the 2012 ALCS and Curtis Granderson played only 61 games due to forearm and knuckle injuries.
The 2015 season saw the Yankees make the playoffs for the first time since 2012. In his return from suspension, Rodriguez hit 33 home runs, his most since 2008, and tied Hank Aaron's record of fifteen 30-homer seasons.Teixeira hit 31 home runs before a hit-by-pitch ended his season in August.
The Baby Bombers (2016–present)
On July 25, 2016, the Yankees traded Aroldis Chapman to the Chicago Cubs for a package centered around top shortstop prospect Gleyber Torres, and traded Andrew Miller to the Cleveland Indians for prospects outfielder Clint Frazier and pitcher Justus Sheffield. In addition, the Yankees traded 39-year-old designated hitter Carlos Beltran to the Texas Rangers for minor league prospects. The Yankees' decision to be "sellers" rather than "buyers" at the trade deadline. Yankees general manager Brian Cashman said that the Yankees recognized the "need to look toward the future."
In early August, both Teixeira and Rodriguez revealed their plans to retire by the season's end. Rodriguez played his final game on August 12.In his fourth-to-last game, Teixeira hit a walk-off grand slam against the Boston Red Sox, his 409th and last career home run.
The Yankees called up Tyler Austin and outfielder Aaron Judge in August. They made their debuts on August 13, hitting back-to-back home runs in their first career at-bats.] Catcher Gary Sánchez hit 20 home runs in only 53 games, finishing 2nd in AL Rookie of the Year voting and setting the record at the time as the fastest to reach 20 career home runs. Sanchez, Judge and Austin, as well as the Yankees' prosperous farm system in general, became nicknamed the "Baby Bombers".
After having traded Chapman to the Cubs during the 2016 season, the Yankees signed him as a free agent during the 2016-17 off-season; Chapman agreed to a five-year, $86 million contract, the most lucrative for a relief pitcher in history In 2017, the Yankees finished the season with a record of 91-71. This was the first time the Yankees won 90 or more games in a season since 2012. In the ALDS, the Yankees lost the first two games to the Cleveland Indians before winning the final three games. They played the Houston Astros in the 2017 American League Championship Series and lost the series in seven games.
In early August, both Teixeira and Rodriguez revealed their plans to retire by the season's end. Rodriguez played his final game on August 12.In his fourth-to-last game, Teixeira hit a walk-off grand slam against the Boston Red Sox, his 409th and last career home run.
The Yankees called up Tyler Austin and outfielder Aaron Judge in August. They made their debuts on August 13, hitting back-to-back home runs in their first career at-bats.] Catcher Gary Sánchez hit 20 home runs in only 53 games, finishing 2nd in AL Rookie of the Year voting and setting the record at the time as the fastest to reach 20 career home runs. Sanchez, Judge and Austin, as well as the Yankees' prosperous farm system in general, became nicknamed the "Baby Bombers".
After having traded Chapman to the Cubs during the 2016 season, the Yankees signed him as a free agent during the 2016-17 off-season; Chapman agreed to a five-year, $86 million contract, the most lucrative for a relief pitcher in history In 2017, the Yankees finished the season with a record of 91-71. This was the first time the Yankees won 90 or more games in a season since 2012. In the ALDS, the Yankees lost the first two games to the Cleveland Indians before winning the final three games. They played the Houston Astros in the 2017 American League Championship Series and lost the series in seven games.
Resourses
- https://cdn.newsday.com/polopoly_fs/1.13416385.1491851821!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_1280/image.jpg
- https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/New_York_Highlanders_Baseball_Team%2C_1903.jpg/400px-New_York_Highlanders_Baseball_Team%2C_1903.jpg
- http://a.espncdn.com/photo/2013/0424/ny_comebacks_01.jpg
- https://images.csmonitor.com/csmarchives/2011/07/mickey-mantle-roger-maris.jpg?alias=standard_540x360
- https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Bill_Dickey_1937_cropped.jpg/220px-Bill_Dickey_1937_cropped.jpg
- http://assets.nydailynews.com/polopoly_fs/1.464159.1314616723!/img/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/article_750/alg-resize-george-steinbrenner-jpg.jpg
- https://dlwsd4gyk2o60.cloudfront.net/18/f4/47f6da9e4160963f65c2df16cb49/7reggiejackson.jpg
- http://www.socialstudiesforkids.com/graphics/baberuthtraded.jpg
- https://d12f9wddf2ix6r.cloudfront.net/resources/uploads/products/3796/2009-11-16_frame_yankees_27_2_800.JPG
- http://media.nj.com/yankees_main/photo/10946360-large.jpg
- https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/CC_Sabathia_2009.jpg/1200px-CC_Sabathia_2009.jpg
- http://newyork.yankees.mlb.com/nyy/fan_forum/publications/images/baby-bombers-poster_300.jpg